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Lack
of Management Rights -
J.D. Young & Associates
or the funds it represents may hold non-controlling
interests in joint venture companies and, therefore,
may have a limited ability to protect its positions
in such companies.
Country risk -
The economies of these countries
may differ as to GDP, GNP, rate of inflation and
other macroeconomic factors. Political changes
could effect the political or social stability
of the country and adversely affect the economy
of the country and the Group's investments in
that country. Some Asian countries have
laws and regulations that currently limit or preclude
direct foreign investment in certain industries
or companies. Prior government approval
foreign investments or joint ventures may be required
under certain circumstances in such countries,
and the process of obtaining these approvals may
require a significant expenditure of time and
resources.
Tax Risk -
Any changes in the tax laws
or other regulations or laws of any applicable
jurisdiction could have an adverse impact on the
Group's investments or access to suitable investment
opportunities.
Legal Risk -
Many of the markets in which
the Group expects to invest or represent do not
have developed legal frameworks. Many Asian
markets provide inadequate legal remedies for
breaches of contract, e.g. shareholder agreement.
Because the efficacy of the judicial systems
in the Region varies, the Group may have difficulty
in successfully pursuing claims as compared to
Europe, the USA or other more developed countries.
Even if judgment is obtained, the enforcement
of such judgment by the local courts cannot be
assured.
Exchange Risk -
The accounts of the Group
will be maintained in US dollars. However
the investments may be made in currencies other
than US dollars. The value of an investment
may fall substantially as a result of currency
fluctuation against the US dollar. There
may be costs incurred related to currency hedging
arrangements and such arrangements might not be
economically viable.
Leverage risk -
The Group may invest in
companies whose capital structures employ a high
degree of leverage. Such investments involve
a high degree of risk in that adverse fluctuations
in cash flow or increased interest rates may impair
their ability to meet obligations.
Reporting Risk -
Each country has different
standards of accounting, auditing and financial
reporting standards and practices. These
differences may arise in areas such as valuation
of properties and other assets, accounting for
depreciation, deferred taxation, inventory obsolescence,
contingent liabilities and foreign exchange transactions.
The regulation, reporting and disclosure
of information varies widely.
Governmental Risk -
Many governments in the
Asia-Pacific countries exercise substantial influence
over many aspects of the private sector.
In some cases, governments own or control many
companies, including some of the largest in their
respective countries. Investment opportunity
availability depends in part on governments continuing
to liberalize their policies regarding foreign
investment and further encourage private sector
initiatives.
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